Back in 2012, Catalyst for Payment Reform (CPR) and Robert Murray, President of Global Health Payment LLC, explored how provider consolidation and market power was a major driver of rising health care spending in the United States and its effect on hospital operating efficiency and quality of care, as well as potential ways to improve provider competition, such as market-based solutions, coordinated public and private activities, and regulatory interventions and approaches, to lower health care costs and improve health care quality.